このセクションでは、データベースサーバーの PostgreSQL のインストールについて紹介します。
CentOS のバージョンを確認します。
[root@db-1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@db-1 ~]#
最新バージョンの PostgreSQL 11をインストールするために、 PostgreSQL の公式リポジトリをインストールします。
[root@db-1 ~]# yum -y localinstall https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-ppc64le/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm | 4.8 kB 00:00 Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-q4rO6o/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm: pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-q4rO6o/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pgdg-centos11.noarch 0:11-2 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: pgdg-centos11 noarch 11-2 /pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch 2.7 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total size: 2.7 k Installed size: 2.7 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch 1/1 Verifying : pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch 1/1 Installed: pgdg-centos11.noarch 0:11-2 Complete! [root@db-1 ~]#
yum リポジトリで PostgreSQL 11 のパッケージがあることを確認します。
[root@db-1 ~]# yum info postgresql11-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.riken.jp
* extras: ftp.riken.jp
* updates: ftp.riken.jp
pgdg11 | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): pgdg11/7/x86_64/group_gz | 245 B 00:03
(2/2): pgdg11/7/x86_64/primary_db | 141 kB 00:04
Available Packages
Name : postgresql11-server
Arch : x86_64
Version : 11.1
Release : 1PGDG.rhel7
Size : 4.7 M
Repo : pgdg11/7/x86_64
Summary : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
URL : https://www.postgresql.org/
License : PostgreSQL
Description : PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational database management
: system (DBMS). The postgresql11-server package contains the
: programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server, which will
: in turn allow you to create and maintain PostgreSQL databases.
[root@db-1 ~]#
PostgreSQL 11 をインストールします。
[root@db-1 ~]# yum -y install postgresql11-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.riken.jp * extras: ftp.riken.jp * updates: ftp.riken.jp Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package postgresql11-server.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: postgresql11-libs(x86-64) = 11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: postgresql11(x86-64) = 11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libicuuc.so.50()(64bit) for package: postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libicui18n.so.50()(64bit) for package: postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libicu.x86_64 0:50.1.2-17.el7 will be installed ---> Package postgresql11.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed ---> Package postgresql11-libs.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: postgresql11-server x86_64 11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 4.7 M Installing for dependencies: libicu x86_64 50.1.2-17.el7 base 6.9 M postgresql11 x86_64 11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 1.6 M postgresql11-libs x86_64 11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 359 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 14 M Installed size: 53 M Downloading packages: (1/4): libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:04 (2/4): postgresql11-libs-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 359 kB 00:05 (3/4): postgresql11-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:08 (4/4): postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:03 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.4 MB/s | 14 MB 00:09 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : postgresql11-libs-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : postgresql11-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4 Installing : postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : postgresql11-libs-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : postgresql11-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : postgresql11-server-11.1-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 4/4 Installed: postgresql11-server.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 Dependency Installed: libicu.x86_64 0:50.1.2-17.el7 postgresql11.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql11-libs.x86_64 0:11.1-1PGDG.rhel7 Complete! [root@db-1 ~]#
インストールした PostgreSQL のバージョンを確認します。バージョン 11 であることが確認できます。
[root@db-1 ~]# /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgres --version postgres (PostgreSQL) 11.1 [root@db-1 ~]#
データベースの初期化を行います。
[root@db-1 ~]# /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb Initializing database ... OK [root@db-1 ~]#
PostgreSQL は主なファイルは以下にインストールされています。
| /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf | PostgreSQL のメイン設定ファイル |
| /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf | PostgreSQL のユーザ認証に関わる設定ファイル |
| /usr/pgsql-11/bin/ | PostgreSQL の実行コマンドが格納されていディレクトリ |
PostgreSQL サービスの自動起動を有効化します。
■ 自動起動の有効化 [root@db-1 ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-11 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-11.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service. [root@db-1 ~]# ■ 自動起動の状態確認 [root@db-1 ~]# systemctl is-enabled postgresql-11 enabled [root@db-1 ~]#
PostgreSQL サービスを起動します。
■ 起動
[root@db-1 ~]# systemctl start postgresql-11
[root@db-1 ~]#
■ 起動状態の確認
[root@db-1 ~]# systemctl status postgresql-11
● postgresql-11.service - PostgreSQL 11 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-12-31 15:21:10 JST; 6s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/static/
Process: 23121 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 23127 (postmaster)
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-11.service
├─23127 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/
├─23128 postgres: logger
├─23130 postgres: checkpointer
├─23131 postgres: background writer
├─23132 postgres: walwriter
├─23133 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─23134 postgres: stats collector
└─23135 postgres: logical replication launcher
Dec 31 15:21:09 db-1.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 11 database s....
Dec 31 15:21:09 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:09.953 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:09 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:09.955 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:09 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:09.988 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:10 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:10.013 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:10 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:10.102 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:10 db-1.novalocal postmaster[23127]: 2018-12-31 15:21:10.102 JST...
Dec 31 15:21:10 db-1.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11 database se....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@db-1 ~]#
データベースへの接続を確認します。
[root@db-1 ~]# sudo -u postgres psql -U postgres could not change directory to "/root": Permission denied psql (11.1) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \q [root@db-1 ~]#